Damia batuk teruk, doktor mendiagnosis batuk ini sebagai bronkitus. Berikut adalah info penyakit ini.

Acute bronchitis

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia


Acute bronchitis Classification and external resources

Bronchitis is an inflammation of the large bronchi (medium-sized airways) in the lungs. It can progress to pneumonia. Acute bronchitis is usually caused by viruses or bacteria and may last several days or weeks.^[1] Acute bronchitis is characterized by cough and sputum (phlegm) production and symptoms related to the obstruction of the airways by the inflamed airways and the phlegm, such as shortness of breath and wheezing. Diagnosis is by clinical examination and sometimes microbiological examination of the phlegm. Treatment may be with antibiotics (if a bacterial infection is suspected), bronchodilators (to relieve breathlessness) and other treatments.

Cause/etiology

Acute bronchitis can be caused by contagious pathogens. In about half of instances of acute bronchitis a bacterial or viral pathogen is identified. Typical viruses include respiratory syncytial virus, rhinovirus, influenza, and others.

Signs and symptoms

Bronchitis may be indicated by an expectorating cough, shortness of breath (dyspnea) and wheezing. Occasionally chest pains, fever, and fatigue or malaise may also occur. Additionally, Bronchitis caused by Adenoviridae may cause systemic and gastrointestinal symptoms as well. However the coughs due to bronchitis can continue for up to three weeks or more even after all other symptoms have subsided.

Diagnosis

A physical examination will often reveal decreased intensity of breath sounds, wheezing, rhonchi and prolonged expiration. Most doctors rely on the presence of a persistent dry or wet cough as evidence of bronchitis.

A variety of tests may be performed in patients presenting with cough and shortness of breath:

A chest X-ray that reveals hyperinflation; collapse and consolidation of lung areas would support a diagnosis of pneumonia. Some conditions that predispose to bronchitis may be indicated by chest radiography.
A sputum sample showing neutrophil granulocytes (inflammatory white blood cells) and culture showing that has pathogenic microorganisms such as Streptococcus spp.
A blood test would indicate inflammation (as indicated by a raised white blood cell count and elevated C-reactive protein).
Neutrophils infiltrate the lung tissue, aided by damage to the airways caused by irritation.
Damage caused by irritation of the airways leads to inflammation and leads to neutrophils being present.
Mucosal hypersecretion is promoted by a substance released by neutrophils.
Further obstruction to the airways is caused by more goblet cells in the small airways. This is typical of chronic bronchitis.
Although infection is not the reason or cause of chronic bronchitis it is seen to aid in sustaining the bronchitis.

Treatment

Antibiotics

In most cases, acute bronchitis is caused by viruses, not bacteria, and will go away on its own without antibiotics. To treat acute bronchitis that appears to be caused by a bacterial infection, or as a precaution, antibiotics may be given. Also, a meta-analysis found that antibiotics may reduce symptoms by one-half day.^{[citation needed]}

Ubat-ubat yang dibekalkan oleh doctor untuk 1 minggu. Antibiotik untuk 5 hari sahaja.

Berat badan Damia susut akibat batuk dan tidak cukup tidur. Muka pun sedikit pucat.

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